GSM Architecture:
BTS: Base Tranciever Station
BSC: Base Station Controller
MSC: Mobile Swiitching Center
GMSC: Gateway for Mobile Swiitching Center
HLR: Home Location Register
VLR: Visiting Location Center
AuC: Authentication Center
EIR: Equipmemt Identification Register
Mobile Station (MS):
Mobile Equipment (ME)
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
Base Station Subsystem (BSS):
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
Base Station Controller (BSC)
Network Switching Subsystem(NSS):
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
Home Location Register (HLR)
Visitor Location Register (VLR)
Authentication Center (AUC)
Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
Mobile Equipment:
Portable,vehicle mounted, hand held device.
Uniquely identified by an IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity).
Voice and data transmission.
Monitoring power and signal quality of surrounding cells for optimum handover
Power level : 0.8W – 20 W.
160 character long SMS.
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM):
Smart card contains the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI).
Allows user to send and receive calls and receive other subscribed services.
Encoded network identification details
- Key Ki,Kc and A3,A5 and A8 algorithms.
Protected by a password or PIN.
Can be moved from phone to phone – contains key information to activate the phone.
Base Transceiver Station (BTS):
Encodes,encrypts,multiplexes,modulates and feeds the RF signals to the antenna.
Frequency hopping
Communicates with Mobile station and BSC
Consists of Transceivers (TRX) units
Base Station Controller (BSC):
Manages Radio resources for BTS.
Assigns Frequency and time slots for all MS’s in its area.
Handles call set up.
Transcoding and rate adaptation functionality.
Handover for each MS.
Radio Power control.
It communicates with MSC and BTS.
Mobile Switching Center (MSC):
Heart of the network.
Manages communication between GSM and other networks.
Call setup function and basic switching.
Call routing.
Billing information and collection (CDR'S).
Mobility management
- Registration
- Location Updating
- Inter BSS and inter MSC call handoff
MSC does gateway function while its customer roams to other network by using HLR/VLR.
Home Location Registers (HLR):
Permanent database about mobile subscribers database contains IMSI, MSISDN, prepaid/postpaid, roaming restrictions,supplementary services.
Visitor Location Registers (VLR):
Temporary database which updates whenever new MS enters its area, by HLR database
Controls those mobiles roaming in its area.
Reduces number of queries to HLR.
Database contains IMSI,TMSI,MSISDN,MSRN,Location Area,authentication key.
Authentication Center (AUC):
Protects against intruders in air interface.
Maintains authentication keys and algorithms and provides security triplets ( RAND,SRES,Kc).
Generally associated with HLR.
Equipment Identity Register (EIR):
Database that is used to track handsets using the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)
Made up of three sub-classes: The White List, The Black List and the Gray List
BTS: Base Tranciever Station
BSC: Base Station Controller
MSC: Mobile Swiitching Center
GMSC: Gateway for Mobile Swiitching Center
HLR: Home Location Register
VLR: Visiting Location Center
AuC: Authentication Center
EIR: Equipmemt Identification Register
Mobile Station (MS):
Mobile Equipment (ME)
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
Base Station Subsystem (BSS):
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
Base Station Controller (BSC)
Network Switching Subsystem(NSS):
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
Home Location Register (HLR)
Visitor Location Register (VLR)
Authentication Center (AUC)
Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
Mobile Equipment:
Portable,vehicle mounted, hand held device.
Uniquely identified by an IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity).
Voice and data transmission.
Monitoring power and signal quality of surrounding cells for optimum handover
Power level : 0.8W – 20 W.
160 character long SMS.
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM):
Smart card contains the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI).
Allows user to send and receive calls and receive other subscribed services.
Encoded network identification details
- Key Ki,Kc and A3,A5 and A8 algorithms.
Protected by a password or PIN.
Can be moved from phone to phone – contains key information to activate the phone.
Base Transceiver Station (BTS):
Encodes,encrypts,multiplexes,modulates and feeds the RF signals to the antenna.
Frequency hopping
Communicates with Mobile station and BSC
Consists of Transceivers (TRX) units
Base Station Controller (BSC):
Manages Radio resources for BTS.
Assigns Frequency and time slots for all MS’s in its area.
Handles call set up.
Transcoding and rate adaptation functionality.
Handover for each MS.
Radio Power control.
It communicates with MSC and BTS.
Mobile Switching Center (MSC):
Heart of the network.
Manages communication between GSM and other networks.
Call setup function and basic switching.
Call routing.
Billing information and collection (CDR'S).
Mobility management
- Registration
- Location Updating
- Inter BSS and inter MSC call handoff
MSC does gateway function while its customer roams to other network by using HLR/VLR.
Home Location Registers (HLR):
Permanent database about mobile subscribers database contains IMSI, MSISDN, prepaid/postpaid, roaming restrictions,supplementary services.
Visitor Location Registers (VLR):
Temporary database which updates whenever new MS enters its area, by HLR database
Controls those mobiles roaming in its area.
Reduces number of queries to HLR.
Database contains IMSI,TMSI,MSISDN,MSRN,Location Area,authentication key.
Authentication Center (AUC):
Protects against intruders in air interface.
Maintains authentication keys and algorithms and provides security triplets ( RAND,SRES,Kc).
Generally associated with HLR.
Equipment Identity Register (EIR):
Database that is used to track handsets using the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)
Made up of three sub-classes: The White List, The Black List and the Gray List
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